Anatomy

acterial diseases Because bacteria are prokaryotes, it has been relatively easy to find and lam up antibacterial drugs that nourish minimal side effects. These drugs knave reap morphological features and metabolic characteristics of prokaryotes that are signifi arousetly antithetic from those in eukaryotic cells. Drugs employ to treat bacterial diseases can be separate into categories based on their modes of action. In general, these drugs crucify cell paries synthetic thinking, protein subtraction, nucleic virulent synthesis, or a nonher(prenominal) enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The penicillins and cephalosporins all interfere with the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer in procaryotic cell walls. Because eukaryotes have neither the peptidoglycan components nor the enzymes that synthesize them, these drugs do non affect the host cells. A second class of drugs, including chloramphenicol, the tetracyclines, and erythromycin, perplex to procaryotic ribo slightlys and inhibit protein synthesis. prokaryotic ribosomes are structurally disparate from eukaryotic ribosomes, so these drugs have minimal effect on eukaryotic cells. Nevertheless, some of them whitethorn be toxic to some human tissues when they are used in high doses or for prolonged periods of time.

Rifampicin is one of the antibiotics oftentimes used for treating tuberculosis. This drug inhibits prokaryotic RNA synthesis. DNA synthesis in prokaryotes may be inhibited by the fluoroquinolones. In contrast, the sulfonamides stop bacterial infections by inhibiting other enzymes. Sulfonamides interfere with the synthesis of folic stifling, a vitamin necessary for nu! cleic acid synthesis. Most bacteria mustiness synthesize their accept folic acid because their membranes are impermeable to outside folic acid. Mammalian cells are not affected by sulfonamides because they are unable to make their own folic acid and have evolved mechanisms for transporting immaterial folic acid across their membranes. interposition of viral diseasesIf you want to get a full essay, differentiate it on our website: BestEssayCheap.com

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